Start Up

Are small technology companies based in innovation. Usually they develop new products and services long for the market. They work with angel and venture capital, and they also are supported by computer technology. They are very attractive for Angel Capitals because they have an implicit risk but at the same time can be of great reward and grow.

Technology Based Company.

Is a kind of company based in the scientific technological knowledge domain in order to maintain its competence. They are companies that produce goods and services, with a strong compromise with the design to create and develop products and manufacture processes of big innovative value (Office of the Technology Assessment, 1992).

Innovation

Is the creation of a new product that generates value, new service, a new process, a new raw material, a new method or new structures to a specific market and completely unknown for the consumers. So, innovation is a clue element to increase competence.
This process involves different stages such as: the idea, research and developing, commercialization, production and distribution. This process is usually no lineal and delimited.

Basic Research

Refers to experimental and theoretic assays undertaken to obtain new knowledge over fundamental nature phenomena and facts, without thinking, a priori, in an application or use (Frascatti Manual o OECD reference). It is the basis for applied research, very linked to this.

Applied Research

Based in basic research, is focused toward a practical and functional specific objective. (Frascatti Manual or OECD reference).

Neuroscience

A group of scientific areas dedicated to the fundamental study of structure and function, biochemistry, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system and its interactions in order to set up the biological bases of human behavior.

Patent

Ii is a group of rights  that inventors have, that are protected by the country of origin and included in an Industrial Property Agreement. The law protect the inventions and its uses for a given period of time. During that time nobody can use such invention without the permission or payment of inventors.

Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)

Is a sole patenting proceeding treaty to protect the inventions of its country members in which about 142 countries participate. When an application for intellectual protection is requested, an international search action is activated to detect if this invention fulfill the requirements of novelty and industrial applicability (PCT reference www.wipo.int).

Spin-Off

This concept refers to a small technology company that derive from a mayor organization such as a Research Center or an University by the initiative of one of its members, and with full independence as regards its organization and legal structure, in order to carry out innovations and technological developments created by members of these institutions into the market.

Technological Developments

Is the work based on the existing scientific knowledge, with the aim of created new products, set up new processes, to established new services or to make substantial improvements over the existing ones. (Universidad de Barcelona reference, ISSN 1130-9788 N° 69 (34), August 1rst, 2000).

Technological Packaging

Is the action to develop one or several technologies that contains all the information needed to use the technology, which include equipment, infrastructure, implementation and other complementary assets required to  make an entire transfer to a third party (Definition by OECD).

Technology Transfer

Is the transference mechanism from the original entity that developed the technology toward the market (Reference to OECD).
According to the United Nations Conference for Commerce and Development (UNCTAD 1990),  is “the transfer of systematic knowledge  for the creation of a product, a process application or the service given”. In this act the technology is sold, leased, licensed, rented or transferred.